The microbiomes on human body surfaces affect health in multiple ways. They include not
only commensal or mutualistic bacteria but also potentially pathogenic bacteria, which can …

The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous
microorganisms. The mechanisms via which the gut microbiota provide colonization …

Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major public-health issue. Policies recommended
by the World Health Organization (WHO) include research on new antibiotics. No new class …

It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in
the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly …

Huge demand of safe and natural preservatives has opened new area for intensive research
on bacteriocins to unravel the novel range of antimicrobial compounds that could efficiently …

The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely
orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric …

The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over
a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it …

Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
(RiPPs) that display a wide variety of biological activities, from antimicrobial to antiallodynic …

ABSTRACT Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and viruses coexist in the human gut, and this
coexistence is functionally balanced by symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Antagonism …

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that provide beneficial health effects when consumed
in adequate quantity by the host. Immunomodulation is one of the major beneficial effects of …