Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental
processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on …

Sex/gender differences in cognitive sciences are riddled by conflicting perspectives. At the
center of debates are clinical, social, and political perspectives. Front and center …

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes
especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the …

Sex hormones, such as estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone, have a significant
influence on brain, behavior, and cognitive functioning. The menstrual cycle has been a …

Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive
function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain …

In this review we systematically summarize the effects of progesterone and synthetic
progestins on neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelination and six neurotransmitter systems …

Cognitive neuroscience research has traditionally overlooked half of the population. Arguing
that variability in ovarian hormones confounds empirical findings, girls and women have …

In the last decade, there has been a remarkable surge in research on the neural and
behavioral correlates of hormonal contraceptive use, particularly oral contraceptive use …

Millions of women around the world use combined oral contraceptives (OCs), yet
surprisingly little is known about their central nervous system (CNS) effects. This article …

During the development of an individual from a single cell to prenatal stages to adolescence
to adulthood and through the complete life span, humans are exposed to countless …