Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain
cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts …

Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells
that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use …

Awareness that the metabolic phenotype of cells within tumours is heterogeneous—and
distinct from that of their normal counterparts—is growing. In general, tumour cells …

Abnormal metabolic symbiosis is a typical characteristic that differentiates the tumor regions
from healthy tissues and meanwhile maintains tumor survival. It is of great potential to …

Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a
larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of …

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which
MCT1–4 facilitate the passive transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as
cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell …

abstract Glucose is a key metabolite used by cancer cells to generate ATP, maintain redox
state and create biomass. Glucose can be catabolized to lactate in the cytoplasm, which is …

Phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells, cell biological context, heterotypic crosstalk and
the microenvironment are key determinants of the multistep process of tumor development …

Destruction of tumor metabolism symbiosis is an attractive cancer treatment method which
targets tumor cells with little harm to normal cells. Yet, a single intervention strategy and poor …