The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) creates a neural representation of space through a set
of functionally dedicated cell types: grid cells, border cells, head direction cells, and speed …

The world has a complex, three-dimensional (3-D) spatial structure, but until recently the
neural representation of space was studied primarily in planar horizontal environments …

As animals navigate on a two-dimensional surface, neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex
(MEC) known as grid cells are activated when the animal passes through multiple locations …

We investigated how entorhinal grid cells encode volumetric space. On a horizontal surface,
grid cells usually produce multiple, spatially focal, approximately circular firing fields that are …

How the brain represents represent large-scale, navigable space has been the topic of
intensive investigation for several decades, resulting in the discovery that neurons in a …

Growing evidence suggests that cognitive maps represent relations between social
knowledge similar to how spatial locations are represented in an environment. Notably, the …

Lattices abound in nature—from the crystal structure of minerals to the honey-comb
organization of ommatidia in the compound eye of insects. These arrangements provide …

New approaches to 3D vision are enabling new advances in artificial intelligence and
autonomous vehicles, a better understanding of how animals navigate the 3D world, and …

Spatial cognition in mammals is thought to rely on the activity of grid cells in the entorhinal
cortex, yet the fundamental principles underlying the origin of grid-cell firing are still debated …

Grid cells fire at multiple positions that organize the vertices of equilateral triangles tiling a
2D space and are well studied in rodents. The last decade witnessed rapid progress in two …