This article reviews the empirical evidence on firm heterogeneity in international trade. A first
wave of empirical findings from microdata on plants and firms proposed challenges for …

With increasing sophistication, economists have been estimating gravity equations for five
decades. Robust evidence shows that borders and distance impede trade by much more …

An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis is a follow up to A Practical Guide to Trade
Policy Analysis. The Advanced Guide provides the most recent tools for analysis of trade …

This chapter focuses on the estimation and interpretation of gravity equations for bilateral
trade. This necessarily involves a careful consideration of the theoretical underpinnings …

We review a recent body of theoretical work that aims to put numbers on the consequences
of globalization. A unifying theme of our survey is methodological. We rely on gravity models …

Recent work on the effects of currency unions (CUs) on trade stresses the importance of
using many countries and years in order to obtain reliable estimates. However, for large …

This article examines the historical impact of railroads on the US economy, with a focus on
quantifying the aggregate impact on the agricultural sector in 1890. Expansion of the …

Research in international trade has changed dramatically over the last twenty years, as
attention has shifted from countries and industries towards the firms actually engaged in …

The unit values of internationally traded goods are heavily influenced by quality. We model
this in an extended monopolistic competition framework where, in addition to choosing price …

We study the gains from trade liberalization in models with monopolistic competition, firm-
level heterogeneity, and variable markups. For a large class of demand functions used in the …