Bee venom is a very complex mixture of natural products extracted from honey bee which
contains various pharmaceutical properties such as peptides, enzymes, biologically active …

Nature has provided many drugs capable of treating and alleviating human diseases.
Terrestrial plants, bacteria, insects, fungi, and bee products have played major roles in …

Recording electrophysiological information such as brain neural signals is of great
importance in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. However, foreign body response …

Among venomous animals, Hymenoptera have been suggested as a rich source of natural
toxins. Due to their broad ecological diversity, venom from Hymenoptera insects (bees …

Already in the early ancient civilizations know about the healing found virtues in the painful
bee stings. Bee stings are probably one of the first natural cure for arthritis. In the ancient …

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by accumulation of cellular damage and
debris. Oxidative stress, cellular senescence, sustained inflammation, and DNA damage are …

The primary aim of this study was to determine the potential modulatory role of the apitoxin
(bee venom; BV) against propionic acid (PPA)-induced neurotoxicity. The biochemical …

Vascular dementia is a devastating disorder not only for the patient, but also for the family
because this neurocognitive disorder breaks the patient's independence, and leads to family …

The impact of neurological disorders in society is growing with alarming estimations for an
incidence increase in the next decades. These disorders are generally chronic and can …

The spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat has been used as an animal model of vascular
dementia (VD). Our previous report showed that, SH rats exhibited dendritic atrophy of …