The members of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee undertook an evidence-
based review of current dry eye therapies and management options. Management options …

Pain associated with mechanical, chemical, and thermal heat stimulation of the ocular
surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglion neurons, while cold thermoreceptors detect …

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is becoming an indispensable tool for studying corneal
physiology and disease. Enabling the dissection of corneal architecture at a cellular level …

The core mechanism of dry eye is the tear film instability. Tear film-oriented diagnosis
(TFOD) is a concept to clarify the cause of tear film instability by tear film, and tear film …

Dry eye is a common, multifactorial disease currently diagnosed by a combination of
symptoms and signs. Its epidemiology and clinical presentation have many similarities with …

The word “elective” refers to medications and procedures undertaken by choice or with a
lower grade of prioritization. Patients usually use elective medications or undergo elective …

The richly innervated corneal tissue is one of the most powerful pain generators in the body.
Corneal neuropathic pain results from dysfunctional nerves causing perceptions such as …

In the cornea, resident immune cells are in close proximity to sensory nerves, consistent with
their important roles in the maintenance of nerves in both homeostasis and inflammation …

The cornea is the most densely innervated and sensitive tissue in the body. The cornea is
exclusively innervated by C-and A-delta fibers, including mechano-nociceptors that are …

Neuropathic pain is caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system and
can occur in the cornea. However, neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) is currently an ill-defined …