BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Episodic memory reflects the ability to recollect the temporal and spatial context of past
experiences. Episodic memories depend on the hippocampus but have been proposed to …

While initial encoding of contextual memories involves the strengthening of hippocampal
circuits, these memories progressively mature to stabilized forms in neocortex and become …

Learning has been associated with modifications of synaptic and circuit properties, but the
precise changes storing information in mammals have remained largely unclear. We …

Episodic memories initially require rapid synaptic plasticity within the hippocampus for their
formation and are gradually consolidated in neocortical networks for permanent storage …

Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently,
progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that …

What happens to memories as days, weeks and years go by has long been a fundamental
question in neuroscience and psychology. For decades, researchers have attempted to …

Stressful experiences, both physical and psychological, that are overwhelming (ie,
inescapable and unpredictable), can measurably affect subsequent neuronal properties and …

The hippocampus is traditionally thought to transmit contextual information to limbic
structures where it acquires valence. Using freely moving calcium imaging and …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …