The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch
from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are …

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by
altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of …

Canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling is involved in most of the mechanisms that lead to the
formation and development of cancer cells. It plays a central role in three cyclic processes …

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which
MCT1–4 facilitate the passive transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and …

Although survival outcomes of cancer patients have been improved dramatically via
conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy over the last decades, there are still some …

Fibroblasts are the most abundant “non-cancerous” cells in tumors. However, it remains
largely unknown how these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth and …

Cancer-associated fibrosis is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME)
which significantly impacts cancer behavior. However, there is significant controversy …

Several reports have demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded latent membrane
protein 1 (LMP1), which is transferred by extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes, can …

Risk of cancer especially of colon, breast, and pancreas is high in diabetic and obese
patients, with potential involvement of augmented expression of RAGE (receptor for …

Focus on the Warburg effect, initially descriptive of increased glycolysis in cancer cells, has
served to illuminate mitochondrial function in many other pathologies. This review explores …