What is known and objective Opioid use in the United States has reached unprecedented—
some would even say crisis—levels. Although many individuals use opioid drugs as part of …

Abstract Background Over 100 million Americans are living with chronic pain, and pain is the
most common reason that patients seek medical attention. Despite the prevalence of pain …

Background and Objectives The opioid crisis has taken an immense toll in the United States.
On average, five lives are lost to an opioid overdose every hour of the day; estimated costs …

The prevalence of opioid use and misuse has provoked a staggering number of deaths over
the past two and a half decades. Much attention has focused on individual risks according to …

The treatment of opioid withdrawal is an important area of clinical concern when treating
patients with chronic, non-cancer pain, patients with active opioid use disorder, and patients …

Background Patients and clinicians have begun to recognize the advantages and
disadvantages of buprenorphine relative to methadone, but factors that influence choices …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common among patients with drug use
disorders. The prevalence of chronic pain and its consequences in primary care patients …

Background Risk factors associated with developing opioid use disorders (OUD) are
documented, but less is known about different pathways to initiation of opioids or opioid …

Prescription drug abuse has reached an epidemic level in the United States. The prevalence
of prescription drug abuse escalated rapidly beginning in the late 1990s, requiring a …

Drug addiction has been defined as a chronically relapsing disorder that is characterized by
a compulsion to seek and take a drug or stimulus, the loss of control in limiting intake, and …