Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Vascular calcification is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and
atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to be an active process …

Vascular calcifications (VCs) are actively regulated biological processes associated with
crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and in cells of the media (VCm) or …

Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in
humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent and, when present, is associated with major
adverse cardiovascular events. Vascular smooth muscle cells play an integral role in …

Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the
excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares many phenotypic similarities with other chronic
diseases, including heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV infection and …

In the present review, we describe the causes and consequences of loss of vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) or their function in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and discuss …

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of early death in the settings of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and ageing. Cardiovascular events can be …

Irisin protects the cardiovascular system against vascular diseases. However, its role in
chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated vascular calcification (VC) and the underlying …