Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Researchers, clinicians and governments all recognize antimicrobial resistance as a serious
and growing threat worldwide. New antimicrobials are urgently needed, especially for …

Small, hydrophilic molecules, including most important antibiotics in clinical use, cross the
Gram-negative outer membrane through the water-filled channels provided by porins. We …

The cell envelope is essential for survival and adaptation of bacteria. Bacterial membrane
proteins include the major porins that mediate the influx of nutrients and several classes of …

The spread of carbapenem-and polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae poses a significant
threat to public health, challenging clinicians worldwide with limited therapeutic options. This …

Gram-negative bacteria are refractory to the action of many antibiotics due to their
impermeable outer membrane. An important player of the immune system is the complement …

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer
membrane. These bacteria have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an outer …

Outer membrane porins in Gram-negative bacteria facilitate antibiotic influx. In Klebsiella
pneumoniae, modifications in the porin OmpK36 are implicated in increasing resistance to …

Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, due in large part to the
permeability barrier formed by their cell envelope. The complex and synergistic interplay of …