The Wnt pathway is central to a host of developmental and disease-related processes. The
remarkable conservation of this intercellular signaling cascade throughout metazoan …

BACKGROUND In adult mammalian organisms, multiple tissues—including the skin, blood,
stomach, and intestines—are entrapped in a state of permanent regeneration; older cells are …

A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies)
are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply …

Animal genomes show networks of deeply conserved gene linkages whose phylogenetic
scope and chromosomal context remain unclear. Here, we report chromosome-scale …

This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk.
Microbiol. 59 (5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the …

Ancient polyploidization events have had a lasting impact on vertebrate genome structure,
organization and function. Some key questions regarding the number of ancient …

Parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (flatworms) cause debilitating
chronic infections of humans and animals, decimate crop production and are a major …

Resolving the early diversification of animal lineages has proven difficult, even using
genome-scale datasets. Several phylogenomic studies have supported the classical …

There is currently little information about the evolution of gene clusters, genome
architectures and karyotypes in early branching animals. Slowly evolving anthozoan …

Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with
Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have …