Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease
characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to …

Light damage to the retina occurs through three general mechanisms involving thermal,
mechanical, or photochemical effects. The particular mechanism activated depends on the …

Throughout the lifetime of an individual, light is focused onto the retina. The resulting
photooxidative stress can cause acute or chronic retinal damage. The pathogenesis of age …

purpose. The goal of this study is the characterization of the strong yellow fluorescence of
oxidized melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. methods …

The presence of the regenerable visual pigment rhodopsin has been shown to be primarily
responsible for the acute photo‐damage to the retina. The photoexcitation of rhodopsin …

The physical properties of melanins Page 325 311 The Physical Properties of Melanins Tadeusz
Sarna and Harold A. Swartz 16 Summary 1 The complexities of melanins make it difficult to …

The human melanocytes of the skin, hair, eyes, inner ears, and covering of the brain provide
physiologic functions important in organ development and maintenance. Melanocytes …

purpose. To determine whether lipofuscin is detrimental to lysosomal and antioxidant
function in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. methods. Isolated …

In 1851 Helmholtz introduced the ophthalmoscope. The instrument allowed the observation
of light reflected at the fundus. The development of this device was one of the major …

Objective: This overview of ultraviolet (UV) phototoxicity considers the interaction of UVA
and short-wavelength VIS light with the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Methods: The …