Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review brings together recent research on the structure,
characteristics, dynamics, and impacts of extratropical cyclones in the future. It draws on …

Future changes in extratropical cyclones and the associated storm tracks are uncertain.
Using the new CMIP6 models, we investigate changes to seasonal mean storm tracks and …

Global warming and associated changes in atmospheric circulation patterns are expected to
alter the hydrological cycle, including the intensity and position of moisture sources. This …

In recent years, global energy systems have experienced multiple disruptions from known
threats at unprecedented severity, causing costly impacts in broader and unexpected …

Extratropical windstorms can lead to extreme impacts in the UK; however, future changes in
windstorm frequency and intensity are uncertain due to natural variability and lack of model …

General circulation models are broadly able to capture the shape and structure of
extratropical cyclones. Increased atmospheric resolution has been shown to improve the …

While the ERA5 reanalysis is commonly utilized in climate studies on extratropical cyclones
(ETCs), only a few studies have quantified its ability in the representation of ETCs over land …

Extreme extratropical storms are among the most impact‐relevant weather events in the
midlatitudes. Under global warming, extreme storms are expected to intensify; however, little …

Strong low-level winds associated with extratropical cyclones can have substantial impacts
on society. The wind intensity and the spatial distribution of wind maxima may change in a …