This article reviews the progress in research on North Pacific mode waters of the past
decade from the physical oceanographic perspective. The accumulation of satellite altimeter …

Influences of oceanic fronts in the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension (KOE) region on the
overlying atmosphere are investigated by comparing a pair of atmospheric regional model …

Data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) surface mooring are used to analyze
the balance of processes affecting the upper ocean heat content and surface mixed layer …

The long-term behavior of the wintertime mixed layer depth (MLD) and mixed layer
temperature (MLT) are investigated in a region south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE)(30° …

Surface heat fluxes from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy are compared with
surface heat fluxes from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National …

The ocean responds to atmospheric variations. Changes in sea surface winds, surface air
temperature, and surface air humidity cause upper ocean variability by modulating air-sea …

The deep winter mixed layer (ML),∼ 240 m, in the northwestern North Pacific subtropical
gyre exchanges heat and absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and receives …

The Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) is a highly instrumented moored reference
station located at 32.3° N, 144.5° E in the recirculation gyre south of the Kuroshio Extension …

Change in the extratropical wintertime-mean mixed layer has been widely studied, given its
importance to both physical and biogeochemical processes. With a focus on the south of the …

Upper-ocean seasonal stratification (seasonal pycnocline and/or transition layer) is a
ubiquitous feature and its vertical structure has large spatial variability. The density …