Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Star-forming regions show a rich and varied chemistry, including the presence of complex
organic molecules—in both the cold gas distributed on large scales and the hot regions …

The evolution of star-forming regions and their thermal balance are strongly influenced by
their chemical composition, which, in turn, is determined by the physicochemical processes …

A new, more comprehensive model of gas–grain chemistry in hot molecular cores is
presented, in which nondiffusive reaction processes on dust-grain surfaces and in ice …

The interstellar medium is characterized by a rich and diverse chemistry. Many of its
complex organic molecules are proposed to form through radical chemistry in icy grain …

Molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe. It is the first one to form
and survive photo-dissociation in tenuous environments. Its formation involves catalytic …

ABSTRACT A new chemical model is presented that simulates fully coupled gas-phase,
grain-surface, and bulk-ice chemistry in hot cores. Glycine (NH 2 CH 2 COOH), the simplest …

Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

We present an extended version of the two-phase gas–grain code nautilus to the three-
phase modelling of gas and grain chemistry of cold cores. In this model, both the mantle and …

The cross-disciplinary field of astrochemistry exists to understand the formation, destruction,
and survival of molecules in astrophysical environments. Molecules in space are …