The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains communities of microbes (bacteria, fungi,
viruses) that vary by anatomic location and impact human health. Microbial communities …

Many bacteria are known to regulate their cooperative activities and physiological processes
through a mechanism called quorum sensing (QS), in which bacterial cells communicate …

A biofilm can be defined as a community of microorganisms adhering to a surface and
surrounded by a complex matrix of extrapolymeric substances. It is now generally accepted …

Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a primary causative agent of dental caries in
humans. An important virulence property of the bacterium is its ability to form biofilm known …

Diseases are natural components of the environment, and many have economic
implications for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry with the …

From the very beginning of the discipline of microbiology, the dogma has been to isolate
bacteria in pure culture in order to be able to define their individual properties. This process …

Nearly 40 years ago, Dr. RJ Gibbons made the first reports of the clinical relevance of what
we now know as bacterial biofilms when he published his observations of the role of …

It is currently thought that immune responses are initiated by pathogen-associated molecular
patterns or by tissue-derived danger/alarm signals. Here, we propose that these two groups …

The oral microbiome, the complex ecosystem of microbes inhabiting the human mouth,
harbors several thousands of bacterial types. The proliferation of pathogenic bacteria within …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …