Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor
microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is
characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only
a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence …

Triple-negative (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high
heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the …

In the tumour microenvironment (TME), immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a major role in
stimulating the dysfunctional antitumour immune system. Chronic exposure of damage …

With the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significant progress has been made
in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Despite the long-lasting outcomes in responders, the …

Drug development is a lengthy and costly process that proceeds through several stages
from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical validation and …

Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have once again raised the hope
that a cure might be within reach for many cancer types. Yet, most late-stage cancers are …

It is now well established that cancer cells co-exist within a complex environment with
stromal cells and depend for their growth and dissemination on tight and plastic interactions …