The Coronavirus pandemic has led to restrictions on movement and workplace closures,
resulting in governments offering temporary financial support to enterprises and workers …

The coronavirus pandemic has led to revenue loss for tourism enterprises and workers due
to restrictions on movement. In response, governments have made available temporary …

The coronavirus pandemic has led to a loss of revenues for enterprises and workers due to
workplace closures and restrictions on movement to 'flatten the curve'. In response …

Although it is widely held that working conditions in the informal economy are worse than in
the formal economy, little evidence has been so far provided. The aim of this article is to fill …

Informal employment is an employment condition in which workers are not protected by
labor regulations. It has been associated with poor health status in middle-and low-income …

Purpose To transcend the long-standing debate regarding whether workers are driven into
the informal economy by either their involuntary “exclusion” or voluntary “exit” from the …

The aim of this report is to evaluate “e-formalization” in European countries. To tackle
informality, the lockdown and physical distancing measures resulting from the COVID-19 …

Although a voluminous literature exists on the prevalence of the informal economy, few
studies evaluate unregistered employment and none its prevalence and distribution across …

This Modern Guide presents a comprehensive synthesis of contemporary thought on the
informal economy, which, as the author demonstrates–far from being a peripheral feature of …

Purpose The temporary enforced closure of businesses in response to the coronavirus
pandemic has resulted in governments in Europe and beyond offering short-term financial …