Cognition is defined as the processes by which animals collect, retain and use information
from their environment to guide their behaviour. Thus cognition is essential in a wide range …

Although the hippocampus is structurally quite different among reptiles, birds, and mammals,
its function in spatial memory is said to be highly conserved. This is surprising, given that …

As for other pollinators, hummingbirds have been classified as trapliners, that is, foragers
that repeat the order in which they will revisit several locations. Although the study of …

Episodic memory involves the conscious recollection of personally experienced events and
when absent, results in profound losses to the typical human conscious experience. Over …

Advanced cognitive abilities have long been hypothesized to be important in mating. Yet,
most work on sexual selection has focused on morphological traits and its relevance for …

Highlights•We examined the effect of past social and ecological events on movement
decisions.•Goal-directed movement occurred towards locations where encounters had taken …

As an increasing number of researchers investigate the cognitive abilities of an ever‐wider
range of animals, animal cognition is currently among the most exciting fields within animal …

Hummingbirds have crucial ecological importance in natural and human-altered habitats in
the Neotropics. Their unique biological characteristics imply a delicate energetic balance …

In the context of global change the possible loss of biodiversity has been identified as a
major concern. Biodiversity could be seriously threatened as a direct consequence of …

The best-known example of episodic memory in animals came from food-storing birds. One
of the beauties of the food-storing system was that inherent in the behaviour were the …