Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is activated in both acute and chronic pain. In this
Review, we discuss increasing evidence from rodent studies that ACC activation contributes …

Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating disease that results from nerve damage, persists
long after the injury has subsided, and is characterized by spontaneous pain and …

Chronic pain is a severely debilitating condition that reflects a long-term sensitization of
signal transduction in the afferent pain pathway. Among the key players in this pathway are …

Optogenetics offers promise for dissecting the complex neural circuits of the spinal cord and
peripheral nervous system and has therapeutic potential for addressing unmet clinical …

Pain sensing neurons in the periphery (called nociceptors) and the central neurons that
receive their projections show remarkable plasticity following injury. This plasticity results in …

Persistent pain, which is poorly treated and estimated to afflict one third of the world's
population, is largely mediated by the sensitization of nociceptive neurons. This sensitization …

While spinal microglia play a role in early stages of neuropathic pain etiology, whether they
are useful targets to reverse chronic pain at late stages remains unknown. Here, we show …

GABAA/glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride
(Cl−) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K+-Cl− co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the …

The sensation of itch is a protective response that is elicited by either mechanical or
chemical stimuli. The neural pathways for itch transmission in the skin and spinal cord have …