Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, IL-23A (p19)
and IL-12/23B (p40), the latter shared with Interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-23 is mainly produced …

OBJECTIVE: Although osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is
widely accepted that synovial inflammation is a feature of OA. However, the role of immune …

B lymphocytes have critical roles as positive and negative regulators of immunity. Their
inhibitory function has been associated primarily with interleukin 10 (IL-10) because B-cell …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most potent innate
immune-activating stimuli known. Here we review the current understanding of LPS effects …

A large number of cytokines are active in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
It is now clear that these cytokines play a fundamental role in the processes that cause …

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease causing erythematosus and scaly skin
plaques; up to 30% of patients with psoriasis develop Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), which is …

Summary Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is a member of the IL‐12 family of cytokines with pro‐
inflammatory properties. Its ability to potently enhance the expansion of T helper type 17 …

In several murine models of autoimmune arthritis, Th17 cells are the dominant initiators of
inflammation. In human arthritis the majority of IL-17–secreting cells within the joint express …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial
hyperplasia and progressive joint destruction. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts …

Biologic therapies that target pathogenic cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β or IL-6 have greatly
improved the treatment of RA. Unfortunately, not all RA patients respond to current biologic …