Frequent and escalating natural disasters pose an increasing threat to society and the
environment. Effective disaster management strategies are crucial to mitigate their impact …

Scholarly literature on terrorism is analysed in its full scope with three main goals:(i) to
objectively determine the structural makeup of the field,(ii) to document its current and past …

Crowds can be subject to intrinsic and extrinsic sources of risk, and previous records have
shown that, in the absence of adequate safety measures, these sources of risk can …

In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks have become a great threat to crowd safety
and society stability. In this paper, evacuation of heterogeneous pedestrians including …

Consider an incident of acute emergency—such as a violent attack—necessitating swift
evacuation of a crowd primarily made up of social groups. Is it possible to identify simple …

Evacuation shelters play a critical role in disasters, providing a safe environment for
evacuees to remain safe from threats or disasters. In this study, we analyze the suitability of …

In recent years, stabbings have occurred frequently around the world, often causing serious
casualties and property losses. Therefore, using evacuation model to simulate and analyze …

Across a range of recent terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom, the question of how crowds
behave in confined public space is an important concern. Classical theoretical assumptions …

Squares in the urban historical built environment are public open spaces prone to the risk of
terrorist acts, essentially because they are ideal soft targets and attract significant user …

Indoor fire is a sudden and frequent disaster that severely threatens the safety of indoor
people worldwide. Indoor fire emergency evacuation is crucial to reducing losses involving …