Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging
from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development …

Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells
through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the …

Diabetes is associated with β cell failure. But it remains unclear whether the latter results
from reduced β cell number or function. FoxO1 integrates β cell proliferation with adaptive β …

The major focus of this Review is on the mechanisms of islet β cell failure in the
pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). As this demise occurs within the …

The FoxO family of Forkhead transcription factors functions at the interface of tumor
suppression, energy metabolism, and organismal longevity. FoxO factors are key …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes the alterations in the β-cell observed in
type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes …

A progressive reduction in β‐cell mass occurs in the evolution of diabetes. Thus
understanding the mechanisms responsible for this reduction in β‐cell mass is important for …

Over the past two decades, insulin resistance has been considered essential to the
aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, insulin resistance does not lead to …

Insulin resistance is necessary but not sufficient for the development of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes results when pancreatic beta-cells fail to compensate for insulin resistance by …

Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for insulin production, and loss of functional β-cell mass is
now recognized as a critical step in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes …