In recent years, novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of great interest for diverse
potential applications such as device fabrication, energy storage, sensing and theranostics …

Nanomaterials are endowed with unique features and essential properties suitable for
employing in the field of nanomedicine. The nanomaterials can be classified as 0D, 1D, 2D …

The strong upconversion luminescence (UCL) of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)
endows the nanoparticles with attractive features for combined imaging and drug delivery …

The tumour mass is made up of not only of a heterogeneous population of cancer cells
nonetheless also a mixture of resident as well as the infiltrating host cells, secreted factors …

Cancer is a big challenge that has plagued the human beings for ages and one of the most
effective treatments is chemotherapy. However, the low tumor-targeting ability limits the wide …

Multimodal combinatorial therapy merges different modes of therapies in one platform,
which can overcome several clinical challenges such as premature drug loss during blood …

Upconversion luminescence is an optical process that emits high-energy photons by
absorbing two or more low-energy photons, which is caused by anti-Stokes luminescence …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which a light source is used in combination with a
photosensitizer to induce local cell death, has shown great promise in therapeutically …

Rare earth luminescence has attracted widespread attention for several decades, among
which near-infrared (NIR) light-related up-conversion luminescence and NIR-II …

Rare earth doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a new class of luminescent
materials that can absorb long-wavelength near-infrared photons and emit short-wavelength …