Injuries to the peripheral nerves result in partial or total loss of motor, sensory and autonomic
functions conveyed by the lesioned nerves to the denervated segments of the body, due to …

Extracellular concentrations of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, and
related excitatory amino acids are maintained at relatively low levels to ensure an …

The relationship between corticosteroids (endogenous and exogenous) and stress is well
known, as is the use of steroids as concomitant treatment in pain management during acute …

A considerable body of evidence suggests that formation of potent reactive oxygen species
and resulting oxidative/nitrative stress play a major role in acute and chronic inflammation …

There is growing recognition that psychological stress influences pain. Hormones that
comprise the physiological response to stress (eg, corticosterone; CORT) may interact with …

The past decade exposed the importance of many homeostasis and metabolism related
proteins in autoimmunity disease and inflammation. Solute carriers (SLCs) are a group of …

Objective Previous studies of neuropathic pain have suggested that the P2X4 purinoceptor
(P2X4R) in spinal microglia is essential for maintaining allodynia following nerve injury …

Background: The glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 is abundantly expressed in astrocytes
and is crucial for glutamate removal from the synaptic cleft. Decreases in glutamate uptake …

Previous studies have reported that the intrathecal (it) administration of transforming growth
factor β1 (TGF-β1) prevents and reverses neuropathic pain. However, only limited …

Glucocorticoids were long believed to primarily function through cytosolic glucocorticoid
receptor (GR) activation and subsequent classical genomic pathways. Recently, however …