The relationship of poststroke spasticity and motor recovery can be confusing.“True” motor
recovery refers to return of motor behaviors to prestroke state with the same end-effectors …

Neuronal circuits that regulate movement are distributed throughout the nervous system.
The brainstem is an important interface between upper motor centers involved in action …

Cortical and subcortical plastic reorganization occurs in the course of motor recovery after
stroke. It is largely accepted that plasticity of ipsilesional motor cortex primarily contributes to …

Early evolution of the motor cortex included development of connections to brainstem
reticulospinal neurons; these projections persist in primates. In this study, we examined the …

Neuromotor systems have the capacity for functional recovery following local damage. The
literature suggests a possible role for the premotor cortex and cerebellum in motor recovery …

The ability of the central nervous system to regenerate over long distances after a lesion is
restricted by the presence of physical and biochemical barriers, neuronal growth programs …

The premotor (PM) and primary motor (M1) cortical areas broadcast voluntary motor
commands through multiple neuronal pathways, including the corticorubral projection that …

Objective Ipsilateral connectivity from the non-stroke hemisphere to paretic arm muscles
appears to play little role in functional recovery, which instead depends on contralateral …

Because compensatory changes in brain activity underlie functional recovery after brain
damage, monitoring of these changes will help to improve rehabilitation effectiveness …

Besides the main cortical inputs to the basal ganglia, via the corticostriatal projection, there
is another input via the corticosubthalamic projection (CSTP), terminating in the subthalamic …