Aluminum (Al) is the third most ubiquitous metal in the earth's crust. A decrease in soil pH
below 5 increases its solubility and availability. However, its impact on plants depends …

Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but its availability depends on
soil pH. Despite this abundance, Al is not considered an essential element and so far no …

Roots are essential multifunctional plant organs involved in water and nutrient uptake,
metabolite storage, anchorage, mechanical support, and interaction with the soil …

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in acid soils.
Molecular mechanisms of coping with Al toxicity have now been investigated in a range of …

Modification of cell wall properties has been considered as one of the determinants that
confer aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants, while how cell wall modifying processes are …

In order to respond to fluctuating zinc (Zn) in the environment, plants must have a system to
control Zn homeostasis. However, how plants maintain an appropriate level of Zn during …

Expansins loosen plant cell walls and are involved in cell enlargement and various abiotic
stresses. In previous studies, we cloned the expansin gene TaEXPA2 from the wheat cultivar …

Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting rice (Oryza sativa) production globally.
Although several transporters involved in salt tolerance have been identified in rice, the …

High concentrations of heavy metal (HM) ions impact agronomic staple crop production in
acid soils (pH≤ 5) due to their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Among cytotoxic …

Drought is one of the foremost environmental factors that limit the growth of plants. Leaf
thickness (LT) is an important quantitative trait in plant physiology. The experiment was …