Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor
treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor capable of facilitating apoptosis, mitigating angiogenesis
and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. In late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Abstract PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved
in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful
conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient …

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …

Autophagy is a process in which intracellular components and dysfunctional organelles are
delivered to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy has various …

Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative mechanism which responds to cellular
conditions like stress or starvation and plays a key role in regulating cell metabolism, energy …

The present era is considered the nanotech age. Nanomaterials have gained a great deal of
importance in the field of technology, engineering, and medicine progression because of …

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-choice alkylating agent inducted as a gold standard therapy
for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma. A majority of patients do not respond to …