Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus
Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive …

Caspases are a family of conserved cysteine proteases that play key roles in programmed
cell death and inflammation. In multicellular organisms, caspases are activated via …

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are proteins capable of recognizing molecules
frequently found in pathogens (the so-called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns …

Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and
development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to …

A fundamental concept in immunology is that the innate immune system initiates or instructs
downstream adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are central players in innate …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signalling platforms that control the inflammatory response
and coordinate antimicrobial host defences. They are assembled by pattern-recognition …

Eukaryotic cells can die from physical trauma, which results in necrosis. Alternatively, they
can die through programmed cell death upon the stimulation of specific signalling pathways …

Canonical activation of the inflammasome is critical to promote caspase-1-dependent
maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as to induce pyroptotic …

HIV-1 capsid core disassembly (uncoating) must occur before integration of viral genomic
DNA into the host chromosomes, yet remarkably, the timing and cellular location of …

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is currently no HIV cure and
treatment is life long. HIV persists during ART due to long-lived and proliferating latently …