When a molecule absorbs a photon of appropriate energy, a chain of photophysical events
ensues, such as internal conversion or vibrational relaxation (loss of energy in the absence …

Squaraine dyes are a class of organic dyes with strong and narrow absorption bands in the
near-infrared. Despite high molar absorptivities and fluorescence quantum yields, these …

Fluorescent dyes based on small organic molecules that function in the near infrared (NIR)
region are of great current interest in chemical biology. They allow for imaging with minimal …

Shortwave infrared radiation (SWIR) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from
approximately 900 nm to 2500 nm. Recent advances in imaging systems have expanded …

Cyanine dyes carrying quinoline moieties are an important class of organic molecules that
are of great interest for applications in many fields like medicine, pharmacology, and …

As a functional dye, cyanine dye promotes the widespread application of bioprobes in the
fields of medicine, genetics and environment, owing to its advantages of good photophysical …

The way in which photons travel through biological tissues and subsequently become
scattered or absorbed is a key limitation for traditional optical medical imaging techniques …

Fluorescence is a very promising radioactive-free technique for functional imaging in small
animals and, in the future, in humans. However, most commercial near-infrared dyes display …

Cyanines derived from heptamethines were mainly discussed regarding their
functionalization to broaden the solubility in different surroundings exhibiting either …

Molecular materials for light harvesting, computing, and fluorescence imaging require
nanoscale integration of electronically active subunits. Variation in the optical absorption …