Abstract The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide
evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The …

Background Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health problem in low‐and middle‐
income countries, affecting 190 million children under five years of age and leading to many …

Written by one of the preeminent researchers in the field, this book provides a
comprehensive exposition of modern analysis of causation. It shows how causality has …

The explanation and implementation of statistical methods for the medical researcher or
statistician remains an integral part of modern medical research. This book explains the use …

Vitamins are essential constituents of our diet that have long been known to influence the
immune system. Vitamins A and D have received particular attention in recent years as …

Diseases affecting the cornea are a major cause of blindness worldwide, second only to
cataract in overall importance. The epidemiology of corneal blindness is complicated and …

There is increasing evidence that food is an important factor that influences and shapes the
composition and configuration of the gut microbiota. Most studies have focused on …

Vitamin A elicits a broad array of immune responses through its metabolite, retinoic acid
(RA). Recent evidence indicates that loss of RA leads to impaired immunity, whereas excess …

For a preferential homing of T cells to the gut, expression of the integrin α4β7 and the
chemokine receptor CCR9 is essential and is induced by antigenic stimulation with dendritic …

Instrumental-variable (IV) methods were invented over 70 years ago, but remain uncommon
in epidemiology. Over the past decade or so, non-parametric versions of IV methods have …