This paper synthesizes what economists have learned about human capital since Becker
(1962) into four stylized facts. First, human capital explains at least one-third of the variation …

This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on the macroeconomic implications of
human capital theory. I begin with a review of the canonical model of education and the …

Micro-level analysis of innovation performance has become increasingly crucial to
innovative policy in the context of innovation-driven economies. A micro-influence …

Structural transformation in most currently developing countries takes the form of a rapid rise
in services but limited industrialization. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to …

A key parameter in the analysis of wage inequality is the elasticity of substitution between
skilled and unskilled labor. We show that the empirical literature is consistent with both …

Given worldwide trends in education, wage premium for schooling, and real GDP, we derive
a lower bound for the long-run elasticity of labor substitution across schooling groups of …

The Soviet regime forcedly sent millions of enemies of the people, ie the educated elite
considered a threat to the regime, to Gulag camps across the USSR. We use this large-scale …

I study how the relative efficiency of high-and low-skill labor varies across countries. Using
microdata for countries at different stages of development, I document that differences in …

We measure college graduate quality—the average human capital of a college's graduates—
for graduates from 2,800 colleges in 48 countries. Graduates of colleges in the richest …

This paper synthesizes the economics literature on skills and human capital, with a
particular focus on higher-order capacities like social and decision-making skills. We review …