The online detection of a trace amount of an undesired solid phase within a crystal slurry
can enable feedback control to improve product purity, decrease batch rejection, and …

Obtaining a particle size within the specifications for a pharmaceutical compound in an
industrial crystallization can be a challenging task. The events affecting the final particle size …

Traditionally, the crystallization unit operation and process variables (eg, temperature and/or
antisolvent addition profile, agitation rate, and seeding parameters) are optimized using the …

Reactive crystallization to make cefixime trihydrate crystals via cefixime disodium reacting
with hydrogen chloride was investigated using ATR FTIR and an online imaging instrument …

Background: Pharmaceutical industry is witnessing increased pressure to introduce
innovative and efficient processes for manufacturing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients …

As an important pharmaceutical process, crystallization greatly impacts the final product. In
recent years, the continuous crystallization process has attracted more attention from …

Traditionally, off-line measurements via image analysis or laser diffraction methods are used
to analyze the crystal product. It is often beneficial to extract crystal samples intermittently …

The shape of the crystal size distribution directly determines the quality of crystal products. It
is often assumed that distributional properties of crystal size conform to the Gaussian …

Enhancing the control and yield of lipid crystallization is fundamental in several industrial
areas, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food manufacturing. However, the multi …

Antisolvent crystallization is an important purification technology for the pharmaceutical and
fine chemical industries. Herein, we investigated the mass-transfer mechanism of membrane …