As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol
and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of …

The advancements of information technology and related processing techniques have
created a fertile base for progress in many scientific fields and industries. In the fields of drug …

Importance The mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with
recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion. Objective To estimate the …

Background Debate over the viability of the current commercial research and development
(R&D) model is ongoing. A controversial theme is the cost of bringing a new molecular entity …

A rift that has opened up between basic research (bench) and clinical research and patients
(bed) who need their new treatments, diagnostics and prevention, and this rift is widening …

Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million
operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects …

This paper argues that incumbent firms may acquire innovative targets solely to discontinue
the target's innovation projects and preempt future competition. We call such acquisitions …

Over the last 150 years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has evolved from a
small division of the US Patent Office to 1 of the largest consumer protection agencies in the …

Background: The increasing cost of clinical research has significant implications for public
health, as it affects drug companies' willingness to undertake clinical trials, which in turn …

Summary Background The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations was
established in 2016, to develop vaccines that can contribute to preparedness for outbreaks …