This review focuses on the type A cytochrome c oxidases (C c O), which are found in all
mitochondria and also in several aerobic bacteria. C c O catalyzes the respiratory reduction …

On the basis of its generally accessible I/II redox couple and bioavailability, copper plays a
wide variety of roles in nature that mostly involve electron transfer (ET), O 2 binding …

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal oxidase of cell respiration, reduces molecular
oxygen (O2) in a reaction that is coupled with proton pumping. Since the discovery of this …

Cytochrome c oxidase (C c O) is an essential enzyme in mitochondrial and bacterial
respiration. It catalyzes the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water and …

In the final steps of energy conservation in aerobic organisms, free energy from electron
transfer through the respiratory chain is transduced into a proton electrochemical gradient …

Mitochondria are the power stations of the eukaryotic cell, using the energy released by the
oxidation of glucose and other sugars to produce ATP. Electrons are transferred from NADH …

Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial
respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), hydroxyl radical (• OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of …

Enzyme reactions that involve strong coupling between proton and electron transfer are of
fundamental importance in biology. This is particularly evident in the reactions of primary …

Cellular respiration has a long research history at the interface between biology, chemistry,
and physics. Research in this field spans the entire range from fundamental mechanistic and …