Death-mediating proteases such as caspases and caspase-3 in particular, have been
implicated in neurodegenerative processes, aging and Alzheimer's disease. However …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the key component of the protein complexes
mTORC1 and mTORC2, plays a critical role in cellular development, tissue regeneration …

The complexity of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is attributed to multiple pathways
involved in the neurodegeneration process. Among these pathways arise the …

Context: Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can both contribute to
adverse neonatal outcomes. The extent to which this may be mediated by differences in …

Prevention of epileptogenesis is an unmet need in medicine. During the last 3 years,
however, several preclinical studies have demonstrated remarkable favorable effects of …

Introduction: Apoptosis and autophagy impact cell death in multiple systems of the body.
Development of new therapeutic strategies that target these processes must address their …

Hormones, growth factors, electrical stimulation, and cell–cell interactions regulate
numerous cellular processes by altering the levels of second messengers, thus influencing …

Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. One of its
functions is to degrade unnecessary organelles and proteins for energy recycling or amino …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated cell signaling pathways
have garnered significant attention for their roles in cell biology and oncology. Interestingly …

Abstract Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a predominant phytoestrogen extracted from Panax
notoginseng that has recently been reported to play important roles in the treatment of …