Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent belonging to the group of oxazaphosporines. As
cyclophosphamide is in clinical use for more than 40 years, there is a lot of experience using …

Chemotherapy is one of the prevailing methods used to treat malignant tumours, but the
outcome and prognosis of tumour patients are not optimistic. Cancer cells gradually …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

Aldehydes are carbonyl compounds found ubiquitously in the environment, derived from
both natural and anthropogenic sources. As the aldehydes are reactive species, therefore …

Background Patients generally die of cancer after the failure of current therapies to eliminate
residual disease. A subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), appears …

The animal models are pivotal for understanding the characteristics of acute renal failure
(ARF) and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. Since the etiology …

Chirality is a ubiquitous feature in living systems. Today, it is widely recognized that many
biologically interesting compounds, such as drugs, agrochemicals, food additives, and …

Human contains 49 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes and the multidrug
resistance associated proteins (MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, MRP3/ABCC3 …

Mutagenicity refers to the induction of permanent changes in the DNA sequence of an
organism, which may result in a heritable change in the characteristics of living systems …

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat ovarian, breast,
and hematological cancers as well as autoimmune disorders. Such chemotherapy is …