The amygdala processes positive and negative valence and contributes to addiction, but the
cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs involved are unknown. We generated an atlas of …

The unraveling of the regulatory mechanisms that govern neuronal excitability is a major
challenge for neuroscientists worldwide. Neurotransmitters play a critical role in maintaining …

Pharmacological activation of voltage-gated ion channels by ligands serves as the basis for
therapy and mainly involves a classic gating mechanism that augments the native voltage …

Dopamine regulates emotional behaviors, including rewarding and aversive behaviors,
through the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, which projects dopamine neurons from the …

Structural plasticity of dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is crucial for learning
from aversive experiences. Activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) stimulates Ca2+ …

Background Abnormal sensory perception, particularly pain insensitivity (PAI), is a typical
symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the role of myelin metabolism in the …

Bipolar disorder, a psychiatric condition identified by significant mood changes and a
considerable genetic connection with schizophrenia, needs continuous and extensive …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central component of the brain's reward circuitry, has been
implicated in a wide range of behaviors and emotional states. Emerging evidence, primarily …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone with a ubiquitous distribution in
numerous tissues and with various functions in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. IGF-1 …

In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine replacement therapy with dopamine
D2/D3 receptor agonists induces impairments in decision-making, including pathological …