Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney
injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of …

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of
glomerular sclerotic diseases, including Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and …

Diabetes is the main cause of renal failure worldwide. Complications of the kidney micro-
and macro-circulation are common in diabetic patients, leading to proteinuria and can …

Peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction is commonly detected in chronic kidney disease
(CKD) such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, PTC …

The mechanisms driving the development of extracapillary lesions in focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) remain poorly …

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a chronic glomerular disease associated with
podocyte injury which is named after the pathologic features of the kidney. The aim of this …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in
diabetic patients and also the leading single cause of end-stage renal disease in the United …

Podocytopathy is the most common feature of glomerular disorder characterized by
podocyte injury-or dysfunction-induced excessive proteinuria, which ultimately develops into …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that
affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage …

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) results in increased myocardial infarct size
and leads to poor clinical outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2α) exerts …