Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in
severely ill and immunocompromised patients. Ubiquitously disseminated in the …

Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and
current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are discovered as crucial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Later …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and
adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that
play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR …

The testis must create and maintain an immune privileged environment to protect maturing
germ cells from autoimmune destruction. The establishment of this protective environment is …

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of death and disability, yet the
mechanisms that make such infections so virulent are not entirely understood. This review …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause most uncomplicated urinary tract infections
(UTIs) in humans. Because UTIs are considered to occur in an ascending manner, flagellum …

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world
population. Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its …

Activation of TLRs by bacterial products results in rapid activation of genes encoding
products designed to protect the host from perturbing microbes. In the intestine, which is …