Millions of people are suffering from Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19
(PASC). Several biological factors have emerged as potential drivers of PASC pathology …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide essential help to B cells for effective antibody-mediated
immune responses. Although the crucial function of these CD4+ T cells in infection and …

B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic
lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS),. Although TLS have been found to …

Approaches capable of simultaneously treating cancer and protecting susceptible patients
from lethal infections such as coronavirus disease 2019, are highly desirable but prove to be …

Our current knowledge of human memory CD8+ T cells is derived largely from studies of the
intravascular space. However, emerging data are starting to challenge some of the dogmas …

Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-
centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In …

The PD-1 receptor triggers a negative immunoregulatory mechanism that prevents
overactivation of immune cells and subsequent inflammatory diseases. Because of its …

Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is
hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical …

Whereas T cells in the tumor microenvironment have been the main focus as cancer
controlling cells and targets of immunotherapies, B cells have recently gained strong …

B cells play essential roles in immunity, mainly through the production of high affinity plasma
cells (PCs) and memory B (Bmem) cells. The affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells …