Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the
surrounding micro‐environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) …

Events in fetal life impact long-term health outcomes. The placenta is the first organ to form
and is the site of juxtaposition between the maternal and fetal circulations. Most diseases of …

As an essential innate immune population for maintaining body homeostasis and warding
off foreign pathogens, macrophages display high plasticity and perform diverse supportive …

The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …

Macrophages, as crucial cellular components of innate immunity, are characterized by
possessing high plasticity and an abnormal ability to differentiate in response to numerous …

It is increasingly evident that cytokines and growth factors produced in the decidua play a
pivotal role in the regulation of the local immune microenvironment and the establishment of …

Macrophages are a subset of mononuclear phagocytes of the innate immune system with
high plasticity and heterogeneity. At the maternal–fetal interface, macrophages are present …

CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is an
integral chemotactic factor which recruits macrophages for the immune response. Together …

Macrophages (MФs) are the leukocytes produced from differentiation of monocytes and are
located in almost all tissues of human body. They are involved in various processes, such as …

Highlights•This review is focusing on polarization of macrophages by epigenetic
modifications.•M1/M2 macrophages are flawlessly synchronized, specialized, and perform …