Liquid crystals play an important role in biology because the combination of order and
mobility is a basic requirement for self-organisation and structure formation in living systems …

The extraordinary properties of biological materials often result from their sophisticated
hierarchical structures. Through multilevel and cross-scale structural designs, biological …

Biological communication by means of structural color has existed for at least 500 million
years. Structural color is commonly observed in the animal kingdom, but has been little …

The surprising properties of biomaterials are the results of billions of years of evolution.
Generally, biomaterials are assembled under mild conditions with very limited supply of …

Structural color materials have existed in nature for millions of years. Natural polymers
constitute biological structural colors and provide an excellent resource for fabricating …

Biomimicry (bio-meaning life in Greek, and-mimesis, meaning to copy) is a growing field that
seeks to interpolate natural biological mechanisms and structures into a wide range of …

Natural creatures have evolved elaborate photonic nanostructures on multiple scales and
dimensions in a hierarchical, organized way to realize controllable absorption, reflection, or …

Knowledge of the interplay between the morphology, composition and optical appearance of
biological photonic systems can provide broad inspiration for novel artificial photonic …

The outer layers of a range of plant tissues, including flower petals, leaves and fruits, exhibit
an intriguing variation of microscopic structures. Some of these structures include ordered …

Enhanced light harvesting is an area of interest for optimizing both natural photosynthesis
and artificial solar energy capture 1, 2. Iridescence has been shown to exist widely and in …