From ancient Greece to nowadays, research on posture control was guided and shaped by
many concepts. Equilibrium control is often considered part of postural control. However, two …

Controlling the movement of the arm to achieve a goal, such as reaching for an object, is
challenging because it requires coordinating many muscles acting on many joints. The …

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in activation patterns
of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles during two quiet standing tasks with increasing postural …

For most individuals, balancing upright is a simple task that requires little effort. The inherent
difficulties associated with standing balance are not revealed until a pathology or injury …

Human upright posture, as a mechanical system, is characterized by an instability of saddle
type, involving both stable and unstable dynamic modes. The brain stabilizes such system …

The time course of the center of pressure (CoP) during human quiet standing, corresponding
to body sway, is a stochastic process, influenced by a variety of features of the underlying …

A model for human postural balance is considered in which the time-delayed feedback
depends on position, velocity and acceleration (proportional–derivative–acceleration (PDA) …

Motoneurons receive synaptic inputs from tens of thousands of connections that cause
membrane potential to fluctuate continuously (synaptic noise), which introduces variability in …

This article investigates the global exponential stability and stabilization problems for a class
of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy competitive neural networks (NNs). In the considered model …

Standing balance relies on the integration of multiple sensory inputs to generate the motor
commands required to stand. Mechanical and sensory perturbations elicit compensatory …