Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as
important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation …

The development of biodegradable polymers represents a revolution in medicine spanning
over 50 years and leading to significant biotechnological advancements in drug delivery …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing health problem, but little is known about its early
disease stages, its effects on biological processes or the transition to clinical T2D. To …

Background: Quercetin, a major flavonol, wildly exists in plantage, which has been reported
to have an anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects on vascular endothelial cells, but its …

Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is driven by
both terminal keratinocyte differentiation defects and strong type 2 immune responses. In …

The evolution of macrophages has made them primordial for both development and
immunity. Their functions range from the shaping of body plans to the ingestion and …

Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the
extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling …

Increased understanding of the biology of interleukin 17 (IL-17) has revealed that this
cytokine is a central player in immunity at the sites most exposed to microorganisms …

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Immune dysfunction
may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in which the role of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that play an important role in
the progression of inflammatory disorders. An enhanced ROS generation by …