Limited models are available to estimate human physical health risks (eg, probability of
outcomes such as lung disease, cancer, skin disease) from exposure to chemicals resulting …

Risk to human health as a consequence of toxic materials found in modern societies is a
matter of grave concern to the world community. What is more, risks to humans that arise …

Soil ingestion rates calculated using a tracer-based mass balance approach may carry
considerable study errors, insensitivities, and “artefacts” of analysis that result in significant …

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill is the only declared Spill of National Significance in
US history, and it significantly impacted the health of people and communities in the Gulf of …

Currently no US federal guideline is available for assessing risk of illness from sand at
recreational sites. The objectives of this study were to compute a reference level guideline …

Due to changes in the drilling industry, oil spills are impacting large expanses of coastlines,
thereby increasing the potential for people to come in contact with oil spill chemicals. The …

Background: Oil spill chemicals (OSCs) result not only from the crude oil components but
also from dispersants used in the clean-up activities, where some may result in adverse …

Soil/dust (SD) skin adherence is key dermal exposure parameter used for calculating the
health risk of dermal exposure to contaminants. However, few studies of this parameter have …

Hand-to-mouth activity, especially in children, is a potentially significant pathway of
exposure to soil contaminants. Hand-mouthing behavior is of particular concern in areas …

Hand-pressing trials and hand-to-mouth soil transfer experiments were conducted to better
understand soil loadings, soil transfer ratios for three mouthing activities, and variations in …