The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and
NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation …

Latrines are accumulations of two to several hundred faeces resulting from the repeated use
of the same defecation sites by the same or several individuals. Many carnivores deposit …

The length and time scales of atomistic simulations are limited by the computational cost of
the methods used to predict material properties. In recent years there has been great …

Context Ecotourism and human recreational activities are increasing and can have a
significant impact on fauna. The analysis of faecal glucocorticoid concentrations is a non …

Mutualistic interactions are by definition beneficial for each contributing partner. However, it
is insufficiently understood how mutualistic interactions influence partners throughout their …

Defecation in communal latrines is a common behaviour of extant mammals widely
distributed among megaherbivores. This behaviour has key social functions with important …

Maintenance of fecal continence requires a continuous or basal tone of the internal anal
sphincter (IAS). Paradoxically, the basal tone results largely from high-frequency rhythmic …

Mammals commonly communicate olfactorily via urine. However, the extent to which they
communicate via dung, another waste product, is unknown. Behavioural studies suggest …

Tigers continue to face unprecedented threats to their existence due to poaching, habitat
loss, habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances. The present study examines …

Latrine use (ie, the repeated use of specific defecation/urination sites) has been described
for several mammals, including carnivores, ungulates, and primates. However, the functional …