One of the most common monogenic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) is caused by
mutations in the LRRK2 gene that encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). LRRK2 …

Almost 2 decades after linking LRRK2 to Parkinson's disease, a vibrant research field has
developed around the study of this gene and its protein product. Recent studies have begun …

Patients with Parkinson's disease have a number of specific visual disturbances. These
include changes in colour vision and contrast sensitivity and difficulties with complex visual …

Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations have been associated with Parkinson's disease in
numerous studies. However, it is unknown whether the increased risk of Parkinson's disease …

Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and an
important source of patient disability and caregiver burden. The timing, profile and rate of …

Background Reduced arm swing is a well‐known clinical feature of Parkinson's disease
(PD), often observed early in the course of the disease. We hypothesized that subtle …

Background Penetrance estimates of the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) p. G2019S
mutation for PD vary widely (24%‐100%). The p. G2019S penetrance in individuals of …

ABSTRACT Background Mutations in Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) enhance levels
of the autophosphorylated LRRK2 protein and are the most common known cause of …

Importance Few prospective longitudinal studies have evaluated the progression of
Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition in which genetic and
environmental factors interact to contribute to its etiology. Remarkable progress has been …